Which procedure is typically performed to evaluate kidney function and health?

The renal biopsy is the procedure typically performed to evaluate kidney function and health. This diagnostic technique involves the removal of a small sample of kidney tissue, which is then examined microscopically. A renal biopsy provides critical information about the presence of various kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and nephrotic syndrome. It helps assess the extent of damage and functionality of the kidneys, guiding appropriate treatment options.

Other procedures listed serve different purposes. Cystoscopy is primarily utilized to examine the bladder and urethra for abnormalities, while ultrasound is often used to visualize the kidneys and detect structural issues but does not provide tissue analysis. Dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure rather than a diagnostic procedure and is used to perform the functions of the kidneys when they are unable to do so.