Which of the following conditions is associated with the presence of both plaque and occlusions in blood vessels?

The presence of both plaque and occlusions in blood vessels is primarily associated with atherosclerosis. This condition is characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the arterial walls, leading to the formation of plaque. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, resulting in reduced blood flow. Additionally, parts of the plaque can rupture, leading to the formation of blood clots that may further occlude the blood vessels.

Atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for serious cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes, due to its direct impact on blood vessel health and the circulation of blood. The combination of plaque buildup and occlusion from both the plaque itself and any resultant clots makes atherosclerosis distinct in its effect on blood flow compared to other conditions listed.

In contrast, angioplasty is a procedure aimed at opening narrowed or blocked arteries, cardiomyopathy refers to diseases that affect the heart muscle, and hypertension involves elevated blood pressure, which is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis but does not directly involve plaque or occlusions in the same manner.