Which of the following best describes the risk factors of arteriosclerosis?

The choice focusing on high blood pressure and smoking accurately identifies significant risk factors associated with arteriosclerosis, a condition characterized by the thickening and hardening of arterial walls.

High blood pressure, or hypertension, exerts increased force against the walls of arteries, causing damage over time and leading to the development of plaque. This plaque buildup can constrict blood vessels, impairing blood flow and increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Smoking introduces harmful chemicals into the bloodstream, which can also damage blood vessel linings, encourage plaque formation, and exacerbate other risk factors such as high blood pressure.

In contrast, the other options do not correctly relate to the risk factors for arteriosclerosis. High glucose levels can contribute to vascular damage, but low cholesterol levels are typically associated with a healthier cardiovascular profile rather than a risk factor. Increased physical activity and a healthy diet are protective factors against arteriosclerosis rather than risk factors. Low fat and high protein diets can vary widely in their health effects depending on the specific types of fats and proteins consumed, and they do not represent established risk factors for the disease. Thus, the identification of high blood pressure and smoking as risk factors is critical in understanding and mitigating the risks associated with arteriosclerosis.