Which condition is characterized by a pathologic disease resulting from an abnormal level of hydrogen ions, leading to a decrease in pH?

Acidosis is characterized by an abnormal increase in hydrogen ions in the body, which leads to a decrease in pH levels. This condition occurs when there is an accumulation of acid in the body or a loss of bicarbonate, disrupting the normal acid-base balance. The resulting low pH indicates that the body is in a more acidic state, which can adversely affect various physiological processes and may lead to symptoms such as fatigue, confusion, and respiratory distress.

In contrast, alkalosis involves a decrease in hydrogen ions and an increase in pH, which can result from excessive loss of acid or gain of bicarbonate. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within the body necessary for maintaining life and does not directly define a specific condition regarding pH balance. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, but it encompasses a wide range of processes and does not refer exclusively to acid-base imbalances. Thus, acidosis specifically indicates the pathological state resulting from increased hydrogen ions and decreased pH.