Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli and may present with symptoms such as hematuria and proteinuria?

Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the tiny filtering units in the kidneys. This condition can lead to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane, allowing red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine. Consequently, patients may present with hematuria (the presence of blood in urine) and proteinuria (the presence of excess protein in the urine) as hallmark symptoms.

This condition can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications and generally results in a reduction in kidney function if not addressed. Given these aspects, the link between glomeruli inflammation and the symptoms of hematuria and proteinuria clearly defines glomerulonephritis as the correct answer.