What condition is characterized by an artery wall hardening and thickening due to plaque buildup?

Atherosclerosis is the condition characterized by the hardening and thickening of artery walls due to the buildup of plaque, which is composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances found in the blood. This process results in the narrowing of the arteries and can significantly impede blood flow. Over time, atherosclerosis can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and stroke, as it increases the risk of clot formation and can trigger other complications.

Plaque buildup occurs progressively and plays a critical role in cardiovascular health, as it can lead to reduced oxygen-rich blood flow to vital organs and tissues. Recognizing atherosclerosis is vital for prevention and management strategies, which may include lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes surgical interventions. The understanding of atherosclerosis as a primary contributor to various heart-related conditions is foundational in the study of pathophysiology.