What condition is characterized by swollen and enlarged veins in the scrotum near the testicles?

The condition characterized by swollen and enlarged veins in the scrotum near the testicles is known as a varicocele. This condition results from the dilation of the pampiniform plexus, a network of veins that allows for the regulation of temperature in the testicles and reduces pressure on the testicular artery. When these veins become enlarged, they can lead to discomfort, a feeling of heaviness, and potentially affect fertility due to disruption in testicular function.

Understanding the characteristics of other conditions helps highlight why varicocele is the correct choice. A hydrocele involves an accumulation of fluid around the testicle, causing swelling but not necessarily enlarged veins. Orchitis refers to inflammation of the testicle, often due to infection or trauma, and can lead to pain and swelling but is distinct from the vascular dilation seen in a varicocele. Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, also usually accompanied by pain and swelling but not specifically related to the enlargement of veins as seen in varicoceles. Thus, the unique presentation of enlarged and swollen veins defines the diagnosis of varicocele accurately.